diff --git a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/GatewayEvents.kt b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/GatewayEvents.kt
index cbc07e4..50db0af 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/GatewayEvents.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/GatewayEvents.kt
@@ -178,40 +178,31 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
         private val json = Json { ignoreUnknownKeys = true; isLenient = true }
 
         fun parse(root: JsonObject): GatewayEvent {
-            // Find event name and data container
-            var eventType = ""
-            var dataObj: JsonObject = root
+            val params = root["params"]?.jsonObject ?: root
 
-            if (root.containsKey("method")) {
-                val method = root["method"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content ?: ""
-                if (method == "event" && root.containsKey("params")) {
-                    val params = root["params"]?.jsonObject ?: JsonObject(emptyMap())
-                    eventType = params["event"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
-                        ?: params["type"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
-                        ?: ""
-                    dataObj = params["data"]?.jsonObject
-                        ?: params["payload"]?.jsonObject
-                        ?: params
-                } else if (method.isNotEmpty()) {
-                    eventType = method
-                    dataObj = root["params"]?.jsonObject ?: root
-                }
-            }
+            // 1. event type -> params["type"]
+            val eventType = params["type"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                ?: params["event"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                ?: root["type"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                ?: root["event"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                ?: ""
 
-            if (eventType.isEmpty()) {
-                eventType = root["event"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
-                    ?: root["type"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
-                    ?: ""
-                if (root.containsKey("data") && root["data"] is JsonObject) {
-                    dataObj = root["data"]!!.jsonObject
-                } else if (root.containsKey("payload") && root["payload"] is JsonObject) {
-                    dataObj = root["payload"]!!.jsonObject
-                }
-            }
+            // 2. runtime session -> params["session_id"] (Do NOT search inside payload)
+            val sessionId = params["session_id"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                ?: params["session_key"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                ?: root["session_id"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                ?: root["session_key"]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+
+            // 3. event body -> params["payload"]
+            val payloadObj = params["payload"]?.jsonObject
+                ?: params["data"]?.jsonObject
+                ?: root["payload"]?.jsonObject
+                ?: root["data"]?.jsonObject
+                ?: params
 
             fun getString(vararg keys: String): String {
                 for (k in keys) {
-                    val v = dataObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive?.content ?: root[k]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                    val v = payloadObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
                     if (v != null) return v
                 }
                 return ""
@@ -219,8 +210,7 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
 
             fun getNullableString(vararg keys: String): String? {
                 for (k in keys) {
-                    val el = dataObj[k] ?: root[k]
-                    val v = el?.jsonPrimitive?.content
+                    val v = payloadObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive?.content
                     if (v != null) return v
                 }
                 return null
@@ -228,7 +218,7 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
 
             fun getLong(vararg keys: String): Long {
                 for (k in keys) {
-                    val v = (dataObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive ?: root[k]?.jsonPrimitive)?.longOrNull
+                    val v = payloadObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive?.longOrNull
                     if (v != null) return v
                 }
                 return 0L
@@ -236,7 +226,7 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
 
             fun getInt(vararg keys: String): Int {
                 for (k in keys) {
-                    val v = (dataObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive ?: root[k]?.jsonPrimitive)?.intOrNull
+                    val v = payloadObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive?.intOrNull
                     if (v != null) return v
                 }
                 return 0
@@ -244,19 +234,17 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
 
             fun getBoolean(vararg keys: String): Boolean {
                 for (k in keys) {
-                    val v = (dataObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive ?: root[k]?.jsonPrimitive)?.booleanOrNull
+                    val v = payloadObj[k]?.jsonPrimitive?.booleanOrNull
                     if (v != null) return v
                 }
                 return false
             }
 
             fun getStringList(key: String): List<String> {
-                val array = (dataObj[key] ?: root[key]) as? JsonArray ?: return emptyList()
+                val array = payloadObj[key] as? JsonArray ?: return emptyList()
                 return array.mapNotNull { it.jsonPrimitive.content }
             }
 
-            val sessionKey = getNullableString("session_id", "session_key", "sessionKey", "sessionId")
-
             return when (eventType) {
                 "gateway.ready" -> GatewayReadyEvent(
                     version = getString("version", "server_version"),
@@ -266,69 +254,69 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
                 "message.start" -> MessageStartEvent(
                     messageId = getString("message_id", "id"),
                     role = getString("role").ifEmpty { "assistant" },
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "message.delta" -> MessageDeltaEvent(
                     messageId = getString("message_id", "id"),
                     delta = getString("delta", "text", "chunk"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "message.interim" -> MessageInterimEvent(
                     messageId = getString("message_id", "id"),
                     content = getString("content", "text"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "message.complete" -> MessageCompleteEvent(
                     messageId = getString("message_id", "id"),
                     content = getString("content", "text"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "thinking.delta" -> ThinkingDeltaEvent(
                     messageId = getString("message_id", "id"),
                     delta = getString("delta", "text", "chunk"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "reasoning.delta" -> ReasoningDeltaEvent(
                     messageId = getString("message_id", "id"),
                     delta = getString("delta", "text", "chunk"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "reasoning.available" -> ReasoningAvailableEvent(
                     messageId = getString("message_id", "id"),
                     reasoning = getString("reasoning", "content"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "tool.start" -> ToolStartEvent(
                     toolId = getString("tool_id", "id"),
                     name = getString("name", "tool_name"),
-                    input = dataObj["input"] ?: root["input"],
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    input = payloadObj["input"],
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "tool.progress" -> ToolProgressEvent(
                     toolId = getString("tool_id", "id"),
                     progress = getString("progress", "message"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "tool.generating" -> ToolGeneratingEvent(
                     toolId = getString("tool_id", "id"),
                     name = getString("name", "tool_name"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "tool.complete" -> ToolCompleteEvent(
                     toolId = getString("tool_id", "id"),
                     result = getString("result", "output"),
                     isError = getBoolean("is_error", "error"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "approval.request" -> {
@@ -338,8 +326,8 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
                         command = getNullableString("command"),
                         description = getNullableString("description", "prompt"),
                         choices = if (choices.isNotEmpty()) choices else listOf("once", "deny"),
-                        sessionKey = sessionKey,
-                        sessionId = sessionKey,
+                        sessionKey = sessionId,
+                        sessionId = sessionId,
                         rawPayload = root
                     )
                 }
@@ -348,32 +336,32 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
                     questionId = getNullableString("question_id", "questionId"),
                     question = getString("question", "prompt"),
                     promptType = ClarifyType.CLARIFY,
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "sudo.request" -> SudoRequestEvent(
                     requestId = getString("request_id", "id"),
                     question = getString("question", "prompt").ifEmpty { "Administrator password required:" },
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "secret.request" -> SecretRequestEvent(
                     requestId = getString("request_id", "id"),
                     question = getString("question", "prompt").ifEmpty { "Secret / Token required:" },
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "status.update" -> StatusUpdateEvent(
                     status = getString("status"),
                     message = getNullableString("message"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "session.usage" -> SessionUsageEvent(
                     inputTokens = getLong("input_tokens", "prompt_tokens"),
                     outputTokens = getLong("output_tokens", "completion_tokens"),
                     totalTokens = getLong("total_tokens"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "session.info" -> SessionInfoEvent(
@@ -384,24 +372,24 @@ sealed class GatewayEvent {
                         branch = getNullableString("branch"),
                         project = getNullableString("project")
                     ),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "background.complete" -> BackgroundCompleteEvent(
                     taskId = getString("task_id", "id"),
                     result = getNullableString("result"),
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 "error" -> ErrorEvent(
                     code = getInt("code"),
                     message = getString("message").ifEmpty { "Unknown error" },
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
                 else -> UnknownGatewayEvent(
                     eventType = eventType.ifEmpty { "unknown" },
-                    sessionId = sessionKey,
+                    sessionId = sessionId,
                     rawPayload = root
                 )
             }
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/JsonRpcModels.kt b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/JsonRpcModels.kt
index f98cf11..15ee390 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/JsonRpcModels.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/model/JsonRpcModels.kt
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonElement
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.JsonObject
 import kotlinx.serialization.json.buildJsonObject
 
+import java.io.IOException
+
 @Serializable
 data class JsonRpcRequest(
     val jsonrpc: String = "2.0",
@@ -27,3 +29,10 @@ data class JsonRpcError(
     val message: String,
     val data: JsonElement? = null
 )
+
+open class JsonRpcException(
+    val code: Int,
+    val errorMessage: String,
+    val data: JsonElement? = null
+) : IOException("RPC Error [$code]: $errorMessage")
+
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClient.kt b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClient.kt
index 01adc00..c48ef0d 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClient.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClient.kt
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.CreateSessionResult
 import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.DurableSessionId
 import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.GatewayEvent
 import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.JsonRpcError
+import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.JsonRpcException
 import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.JsonRpcRequest
 import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.JsonRpcResponse
 import app.hermes.mobile.core.model.PromptSubmitResult
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClient(
     private val _connectionState = MutableStateFlow<ConnectionState>(ConnectionState.Disconnected)
     val connectionState: StateFlow<ConnectionState> = _connectionState.asStateFlow()
 
-    private val _events = MutableSharedFlow<GatewayEvent>(extraBufferCapacity = 64)
+    private val _events = MutableSharedFlow<GatewayEvent>(replay = 1, extraBufferCapacity = 64)
     val events: SharedFlow<GatewayEvent> = _events.asSharedFlow()
 
     private fun nextId(): String = "a${reqCounter.incrementAndGet()}"
@@ -250,7 +251,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClient(
         val params = buildJsonObject { put("limit", limit) }
         val response = sendRequest("session.list", params)
         if (response.error != null) {
-            throw IOException("RPC Error [${response.error.code}]: ${response.error.message}")
+            throw JsonRpcException(response.error.code, response.error.message, response.error.data)
         }
         val result = response.result ?: return emptyList()
 
@@ -294,7 +295,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClient(
         }
         val response = sendRequest("session.create", params)
         if (response.error != null) {
-            throw IOException("RPC Error [${response.error.code}]: ${response.error.message}")
+            throw JsonRpcException(response.error.code, response.error.message, response.error.data)
         }
         val result = response.result as? JsonObject
             ?: throw IOException("Invalid response format for session.create")
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClient(
         }
         val response = sendRequest("session.resume", params)
         if (response.error != null) {
-            throw IOException("RPC Error [${response.error.code}]: ${response.error.message}")
+            throw JsonRpcException(response.error.code, response.error.message, response.error.data)
         }
         val result = response.result as? JsonObject
             ?: throw IOException("Invalid response format for session.resume")
@@ -352,7 +353,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClient(
         }
         val response = sendRequest("prompt.submit", params)
         if (response.error != null) {
-            throw IOException("RPC Error [${response.error.code}]: ${response.error.message}")
+            throw JsonRpcException(response.error.code, response.error.message, response.error.data)
         }
         val result = response.result as? JsonObject
         val turnId = result?.get("turn_id")?.jsonPrimitive?.content
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepository.kt b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepository.kt
index 185dfdc..b7765ec 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepository.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepository.kt
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepository(
     private val _activeClarify = MutableStateFlow<HostAttributedClarify?>(null)
     val activeClarify: StateFlow<HostAttributedClarify?> = _activeClarify.asStateFlow()
 
-    // Mapping from runtimeSessionId to (sessionId, hostId)
-    private val runtimeToSessionMap = ConcurrentHashMap<String, Pair<UnifiedSessionId, HermesHostId>>()
+    // Mapping from (hostId, runtimeSessionId) to sessionId
+    private val runtimeToSessionMap = ConcurrentHashMap<Pair<HermesHostId, String>, UnifiedSessionId>()
 
     // In-memory active session messages cache for reactive streaming updates
     private val sessionMessagesState = ConcurrentHashMap<UnifiedSessionId, MutableStateFlow<List<UnifiedMessage>>>()
@@ -55,17 +55,6 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepository(
     private val sessionExecutingState = ConcurrentHashMap<UnifiedSessionId, MutableStateFlow<Boolean>>()
 
     init {
-        scope.launch {
-            sessions.collect { list ->
-                for (s in list) {
-                    for ((hId, b) in s.bindings) {
-                        if (b.runtimeSessionId.value.isNotEmpty()) {
-                            runtimeToSessionMap[b.runtimeSessionId.value] = Pair(s.id, hId)
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
         scope.launch {
             connectionManager.allEvents.collect { hostEvent ->
                 handleHostGatewayEvent(hostEvent)
@@ -142,12 +131,12 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepository(
         sessionMessagesState.remove(sessionId)
         sessionExecutingState.remove(sessionId)
         hostExecutingState.entries.removeIf { it.key.first == sessionId }
-        runtimeToSessionMap.entries.removeIf { it.value.first == sessionId }
+        runtimeToSessionMap.entries.removeIf { it.value == sessionId }
     }
 
     fun registerRuntimeBinding(sessionId: UnifiedSessionId, hostId: HermesHostId, runtimeSessionId: RuntimeSessionId) {
         if (runtimeSessionId.value.isNotEmpty()) {
-            runtimeToSessionMap[runtimeSessionId.value] = Pair(sessionId, hostId)
+            runtimeToSessionMap[Pair(hostId, runtimeSessionId.value)] = sessionId
         }
     }
 
@@ -175,21 +164,26 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepository(
                 syncedAt = null
             )
             sessionDao.insertOrUpdateBinding(binding.toEntity(sessionId.value))
-            runtimeToSessionMap[createRes.runtimeId.value] = Pair(sessionId, targetHostId)
+            runtimeToSessionMap[Pair(targetHostId, createRes.runtimeId.value)] = sessionId
             return binding
         }
 
         // We have an existing durableSessionId.
-        // Check if current runtimeSessionId is already registered and valid, or if we need to resume
+        // Check if current runtimeSessionId is already registered and valid in memory in the current process
         val currentRuntimeId = binding.runtimeSessionId.value
-        val isRegistered = currentRuntimeId.isNotEmpty() && runtimeToSessionMap.containsKey(currentRuntimeId)
+        val isRegistered = currentRuntimeId.isNotEmpty() && runtimeToSessionMap.containsKey(Pair(targetHostId, currentRuntimeId))
 
         if (!isRegistered || binding.state == BindingState.NOT_CREATED || binding.state == BindingState.OFFLINE || binding.state == BindingState.ERROR) {
             val resumeRes = try {
                 runtime.gatewayClient.resumeSession(binding.durableSessionId, source = "android")
-            } catch (_: Exception) {
-                val createRes = runtime.gatewayClient.createSession(source = "android")
-                ResumeSessionResult(createRes.durableId, createRes.runtimeId)
+            } catch (e: Exception) {
+                if (isDefinitivelyMissingSession(e)) {
+                    val createRes = runtime.gatewayClient.createSession(source = "android")
+                    ResumeSessionResult(createRes.durableId, createRes.runtimeId)
+                } else {
+                    // For transient errors during resume (timeout, network, auth), throw without creating a new session or destroying the binding
+                    throw e
+                }
             }
             binding = binding.copy(
                 durableSessionId = resumeRes.durableId,
@@ -198,14 +192,31 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepository(
                 state = BindingState.READY
             )
             sessionDao.insertOrUpdateBinding(binding.toEntity(sessionId.value))
-            runtimeToSessionMap[resumeRes.runtimeId.value] = Pair(sessionId, targetHostId)
+            runtimeToSessionMap[Pair(targetHostId, resumeRes.runtimeId.value)] = sessionId
         } else {
-            runtimeToSessionMap[currentRuntimeId] = Pair(sessionId, targetHostId)
+            runtimeToSessionMap[Pair(targetHostId, currentRuntimeId)] = sessionId
         }
 
         return binding
     }
 
+    private fun isDefinitivelyMissingSession(e: Throwable): Boolean {
+        if (e is JsonRpcException) {
+            if (e.code == 404 || e.code == -32004) return true
+            val msg = e.errorMessage.lowercase()
+            if (msg.contains("not found") || msg.contains("does not exist") ||
+                msg.contains("invalid session") || msg.contains("no such session") ||
+                msg.contains("session destroyed") || msg.contains("unrecoverable")) {
+                return true
+            }
+        }
+        val msg = e.message?.lowercase() ?: ""
+        if (msg.contains("404") || msg.contains("session not found") || msg.contains("session does not exist")) {
+            return true
+        }
+        return false
+    }
+
     suspend fun sendPrompt(sessionId: UnifiedSessionId, text: String): String {
         val details = sessionDao.getSessionWithDetails(sessionId.value)
             ?: throw IllegalArgumentException("Session not found: ${sessionId.value}")
@@ -452,18 +463,11 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepository(
         messageId: String? = null,
         toolId: String? = null
     ): UnifiedSessionId? {
-        // 1. Exact match via runtimeSessionId in runtimeToSessionMap
+        // 1. Exact match via (hostId, runtimeSessionId) in runtimeToSessionMap
         if (!sessionIdFromEvent.isNullOrEmpty()) {
-            val mapped = runtimeToSessionMap[sessionIdFromEvent]
-            if (mapped != null && mapped.second == hostId) {
-                return mapped.first
-            }
-            for (session in sessions.value) {
-                val b = session.bindings[hostId]
-                if (b != null && b.runtimeSessionId.value == sessionIdFromEvent) {
-                    runtimeToSessionMap[sessionIdFromEvent] = Pair(session.id, hostId)
-                    return session.id
-                }
+            val mapped = runtimeToSessionMap[Pair(hostId, sessionIdFromEvent)]
+            if (mapped != null) {
+                return mapped
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/runtime/HermesConnectionManager.kt b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/runtime/HermesConnectionManager.kt
index 88eb514..a139a97 100644
--- a/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/runtime/HermesConnectionManager.kt
+++ b/app/src/main/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/runtime/HermesConnectionManager.kt
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ class HermesConnectionManager(
     private val _activeHostId = MutableStateFlow<HermesHostId?>(null)
     val activeHostId: StateFlow<HermesHostId?> = _activeHostId.asStateFlow()
 
-    private val _allEvents = MutableSharedFlow<HostGatewayEvent>(extraBufferCapacity = 128)
+    private val _allEvents = MutableSharedFlow<HostGatewayEvent>(replay = 1, extraBufferCapacity = 128)
     val allEvents: SharedFlow<HostGatewayEvent> = _allEvents.asSharedFlow()
 
     init {
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/EndToEndContractScenarioTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/EndToEndContractScenarioTest.kt
index 0f3ae74..73fa370 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/EndToEndContractScenarioTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/EndToEndContractScenarioTest.kt
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class EndToEndContractScenarioTest {
                                 serverWs = webSocket
                                 wsConnectedLatch.countDown()
                                 // Send gateway.ready
-                                webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":1}}""")
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":1}}}""")
                             }
 
                             override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
@@ -100,16 +100,16 @@ class EndToEndContractScenarioTest {
                                 } else if (text.contains("prompt.submit")) {
                                     webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a3","result":{"turn_id":"turn_001"}}""")
                                     // Emit streaming events
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"message.start","data":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","role":"assistant"}}""")
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"message.delta","data":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","delta":"Sure, I can "}}""")
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"message.delta","data":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","delta":"run that tool."}}""")
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"tool.start","data":{"tool_id":"t_exec","name":"run_command"}}""")
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"tool.progress","data":{"tool_id":"t_exec","progress":"Executing ls..."}}""")
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"tool.complete","data":{"tool_id":"t_exec","result":"file1.txt\nfile2.txt","is_error":false}}""")
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"approval.request","data":{"request_id":"app_req_1","command":"git status","description":"Run git status","choices":["once","deny"]}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.start","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","role":"assistant"}}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.delta","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","delta":"Sure, I can "}}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.delta","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","delta":"run that tool."}}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"tool.start","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"tool_id":"t_exec","name":"run_command"}}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"tool.progress","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"tool_id":"t_exec","progress":"Executing ls..."}}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"tool.complete","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"tool_id":"t_exec","result":"file1.txt\nfile2.txt","is_error":false}}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"approval.request","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"request_id":"app_req_1","command":"git status","description":"Run git status","choices":["once","deny"]}}}""")
                                 } else if (text.contains("approval.respond")) {
                                     webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a4","result":{"accepted":true}}""")
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"message.complete","data":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","content":"Sure, I can run that tool. Done!"}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.complete","session_id":"runtime_202","payload":{"message_id":"msg_resp_1","content":"Sure, I can run that tool. Done!"}}}""")
                                 }
                             }
                         })
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ class EndToEndContractScenarioTest {
                     path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
                         MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                             override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
-                                webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":0}}""")
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":0}}}""")
                             }
                         })
                     }
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClientTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClientTest.kt
index bb2653e..6bd99a5 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClientTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcGatewayClientTest.kt
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClientTest {
             MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                 override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
                     serverWebSocket = webSocket
-                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":0}}""")
+                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":0}}}""")
                 }
 
                 override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClientTest {
         assertEquals(ConnectionState.Connecting, client.connectionState.value)
 
         // Send gateway.ready
-        serverWebSocket?.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":1}}""")
+        serverWebSocket?.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":1}}}""")
 
         client.awaitGatewayReady(5000)
         assertEquals(ConnectionState.Connected, client.connectionState.value)
@@ -115,23 +115,26 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClientTest {
             MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                 override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
                     serverWebSocket = webSocket
+                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
                     // Send an incoming server notification/event
-                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"message.delta","data":{"message_id":"m100","delta":"Streaming token"}}""")
+                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.delta","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"message_id":"m100","delta":"Streaming token"}}}""")
                 }
             })
         )
 
         val wsUrl = "ws://${server.hostName}:${server.port}/api/ws"
         client.connect(wsUrl, allowCleartext = true)
+        client.awaitGatewayReady(5000)
 
         val event = withTimeout(5000) {
-            client.events.first()
+            client.events.first { it is GatewayEvent.MessageDeltaEvent }
         }
 
         assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.MessageDeltaEvent)
         val deltaEvent = event as GatewayEvent.MessageDeltaEvent
         assertEquals("m100", deltaEvent.messageId)
         assertEquals("Streaming token", deltaEvent.delta)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", deltaEvent.sessionId)
 
         serverWebSocket?.close(1000, "done")
         client.disconnect()
@@ -146,7 +149,7 @@ class JsonRpcGatewayClientTest {
             MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                 override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
                     serverWebSocket = webSocket
-                    webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":0}}""")
+                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":0}}}""")
                 }
 
                 override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcWireFormatTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcWireFormatTest.kt
index f8e9e7f..ab815d5 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcWireFormatTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/network/JsonRpcWireFormatTest.kt
@@ -82,81 +82,309 @@ class JsonRpcWireFormatTest {
     @Test
     fun testAllGatewayEventParsers() {
         // 1. Gateway Ready
-        val readyJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":3}}""")
+        val readyJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0","session_count":3}}}""")
         val readyEvent = GatewayEvent.parse(readyJson) as GatewayEvent.GatewayReadyEvent
         assertEquals("1.0.0", readyEvent.version)
         assertEquals(3, readyEvent.sessionCount)
 
         // 2. Message Start
-        val msgStartJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"message.start","data":{"message_id":"msg_1","role":"assistant"}}""")
+        val msgStartJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.start","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"message_id":"msg_1","role":"assistant"}}}""")
         val msgStart = GatewayEvent.parse(msgStartJson) as GatewayEvent.MessageStartEvent
         assertEquals("msg_1", msgStart.messageId)
         assertEquals("assistant", msgStart.role)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", msgStart.sessionId)
 
         // 3. Message Delta
-        val msgDeltaJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"message.delta","data":{"message_id":"msg_1","delta":"Hello world"}}""")
+        val msgDeltaJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.delta","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"message_id":"msg_1","delta":"Hello world"}}}""")
         val msgDelta = GatewayEvent.parse(msgDeltaJson) as GatewayEvent.MessageDeltaEvent
         assertEquals("msg_1", msgDelta.messageId)
         assertEquals("Hello world", msgDelta.delta)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", msgDelta.sessionId)
 
         // 4. Message Complete
-        val msgCompleteJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"message.complete","data":{"message_id":"msg_1","content":"Final answer"}}""")
+        val msgCompleteJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"message.complete","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"message_id":"msg_1","content":"Final answer"}}}""")
         val msgComplete = GatewayEvent.parse(msgCompleteJson) as GatewayEvent.MessageCompleteEvent
         assertEquals("msg_1", msgComplete.messageId)
         assertEquals("Final answer", msgComplete.content)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", msgComplete.sessionId)
 
         // 5. Thinking Delta
-        val thinkJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"thinking.delta","data":{"message_id":"msg_1","delta":"Analyzing requirements..."}}""")
+        val thinkJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"thinking.delta","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"message_id":"msg_1","delta":"Analyzing requirements..."}}}""")
         val think = GatewayEvent.parse(thinkJson) as GatewayEvent.ThinkingDeltaEvent
         assertEquals("Analyzing requirements...", think.delta)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", think.sessionId)
 
         // 6. Tool Lifecycle
-        val toolStartJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"tool.start","data":{"tool_id":"t1","name":"exec_command"}}""")
+        val toolStartJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"tool.start","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"tool_id":"t1","name":"exec_command"}}}""")
         val toolStart = GatewayEvent.parse(toolStartJson) as GatewayEvent.ToolStartEvent
         assertEquals("t1", toolStart.toolId)
         assertEquals("exec_command", toolStart.name)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", toolStart.sessionId)
 
-        val toolProgressJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"tool.progress","data":{"tool_id":"t1","progress":"Running build..."}}""")
+        val toolProgressJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"tool.progress","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"tool_id":"t1","progress":"Running build..."}}}""")
         val toolProgress = GatewayEvent.parse(toolProgressJson) as GatewayEvent.ToolProgressEvent
         assertEquals("Running build...", toolProgress.progress)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", toolProgress.sessionId)
 
-        val toolCompleteJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"tool.complete","data":{"tool_id":"t1","result":"Success","is_error":false}}""")
+        val toolCompleteJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"tool.complete","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"tool_id":"t1","result":"Success","is_error":false}}}""")
         val toolComplete = GatewayEvent.parse(toolCompleteJson) as GatewayEvent.ToolCompleteEvent
         assertEquals("Success", toolComplete.result)
         assertEquals(false, toolComplete.isError)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", toolComplete.sessionId)
 
         // 7. Approval Request
-        val approvalJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"approval.request","data":{"request_id":"req_app","command":"rm -rf /tmp/cache","description":"Clear cache directory","choices":["once","deny"]}}""")
+        val approvalJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"approval.request","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"request_id":"req_app","command":"rm -rf /tmp/cache","description":"Clear cache directory","choices":["once","deny"]}}}""")
         val approval = GatewayEvent.parse(approvalJson) as GatewayEvent.ApprovalRequestEvent
         assertEquals("req_app", approval.requestId)
         assertEquals("rm -rf /tmp/cache", approval.command)
         assertEquals(2, approval.choices.size)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", approval.sessionId)
 
         // 8. Clarify, Sudo, Secret
-        val clarifyJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"clarify.request","data":{"request_id":"c1","question":"Which port?"}}""")
+        val clarifyJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"clarify.request","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"request_id":"c1","question":"Which port?"}}}""")
         val clarify = GatewayEvent.parse(clarifyJson) as GatewayEvent.ClarifyRequestEvent
         assertEquals("Which port?", clarify.question)
         assertEquals(ClarifyType.CLARIFY, clarify.promptType)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", clarify.sessionId)
 
-        val sudoJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"sudo.request","data":{"request_id":"s1","question":"Root password required:"}}""")
+        val sudoJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"sudo.request","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"request_id":"s1","question":"Root password required:"}}}""")
         val sudo = GatewayEvent.parse(sudoJson) as GatewayEvent.SudoRequestEvent
         assertEquals("Root password required:", sudo.question)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", sudo.sessionId)
 
-        val secretJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"secret.request","data":{"request_id":"sec1","question":"OpenAI API Key:"}}""")
+        val secretJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"secret.request","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"request_id":"sec1","question":"OpenAI API Key:"}}}""")
         val secret = GatewayEvent.parse(secretJson) as GatewayEvent.SecretRequestEvent
         assertEquals("OpenAI API Key:", secret.question)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", secret.sessionId)
 
         // 9. Session Info & Usage
-        val infoJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"session.info","data":{"model":"claude-3-5-sonnet","provider":"anthropic","branch":"main"}}""")
+        val infoJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"session.info","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"model":"claude-3-5-sonnet","provider":"anthropic","branch":"main"}}}""")
         val info = GatewayEvent.parse(infoJson) as GatewayEvent.SessionInfoEvent
         assertEquals("claude-3-5-sonnet", info.info.model)
         assertEquals("main", info.info.branch)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", info.sessionId)
 
-        val usageJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"event":"session.usage","data":{"input_tokens":1200,"output_tokens":350,"total_tokens":1550}}""")
+        val usageJson = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"session.usage","session_id":"rt_test","payload":{"input_tokens":1200,"output_tokens":350,"total_tokens":1550}}}""")
         val usage = GatewayEvent.parse(usageJson) as GatewayEvent.SessionUsageEvent
         assertEquals(1200L, usage.inputTokens)
         assertEquals(350L, usage.outputTokens)
         assertEquals(1550L, usage.totalTokens)
+        assertEquals("rt_test", usage.sessionId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractMessageStart() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "message.start",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "message_id": "msg-start-001",
+                        "role": "assistant"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.MessageStartEvent)
+        val startEvent = event as GatewayEvent.MessageStartEvent
+        assertEquals("msg-start-001", startEvent.messageId)
+        assertEquals("assistant", startEvent.role)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", startEvent.sessionId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractMessageDelta() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "message.delta",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "message_id": "msg-delta-001",
+                        "delta": "Hello from Hermes"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.MessageDeltaEvent)
+        val deltaEvent = event as GatewayEvent.MessageDeltaEvent
+        assertEquals("msg-delta-001", deltaEvent.messageId)
+        assertEquals("Hello from Hermes", deltaEvent.delta)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", deltaEvent.sessionId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractMessageComplete() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "message.complete",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "message_id": "msg-complete-001",
+                        "content": "Execution completed successfully."
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.MessageCompleteEvent)
+        val completeEvent = event as GatewayEvent.MessageCompleteEvent
+        assertEquals("msg-complete-001", completeEvent.messageId)
+        assertEquals("Execution completed successfully.", completeEvent.content)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", completeEvent.sessionId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractToolStart() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "tool.start",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "tool_id": "tool-call-101",
+                        "name": "bash_execution",
+                        "input": {
+                            "command": "ls -la"
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.ToolStartEvent)
+        val toolStart = event as GatewayEvent.ToolStartEvent
+        assertEquals("tool-call-101", toolStart.toolId)
+        assertEquals("bash_execution", toolStart.name)
+        assertNotNull(toolStart.input)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", toolStart.sessionId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractToolProgress() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "tool.progress",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "tool_id": "tool-call-101",
+                        "progress": "Downloading dependencies..."
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.ToolProgressEvent)
+        val toolProgress = event as GatewayEvent.ToolProgressEvent
+        assertEquals("tool-call-101", toolProgress.toolId)
+        assertEquals("Downloading dependencies...", toolProgress.progress)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", toolProgress.sessionId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractToolComplete() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "tool.complete",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "tool_id": "tool-call-101",
+                        "result": "Total 14 files found",
+                        "is_error": false
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.ToolCompleteEvent)
+        val toolComplete = event as GatewayEvent.ToolCompleteEvent
+        assertEquals("tool-call-101", toolComplete.toolId)
+        assertEquals("Total 14 files found", toolComplete.result)
+        assertEquals(false, toolComplete.isError)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", toolComplete.sessionId)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractApprovalRequest() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "approval.request",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "request_id": "appr-req-999",
+                        "command": "rm -rf /var/log/*",
+                        "description": "Clean logs directory",
+                        "choices": ["once", "deny", "always"]
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.ApprovalRequestEvent)
+        val approval = event as GatewayEvent.ApprovalRequestEvent
+        assertEquals("appr-req-999", approval.requestId)
+        assertEquals("rm -rf /var/log/*", approval.command)
+        assertEquals("Clean logs directory", approval.description)
+        assertEquals(3, approval.choices.size)
+        assertEquals(listOf("once", "deny", "always"), approval.choices)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", approval.sessionId)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", approval.sessionKey)
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUpstreamHermesContractClarifyRequest() {
+        val raw = """
+            {
+                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+                "method": "event",
+                "params": {
+                    "type": "clarify.request",
+                    "session_id": "rt-session-001",
+                    "payload": {
+                        "request_id": "clarify-req-555",
+                        "question_id": "q-port-target",
+                        "question": "Which HTTP port should the mock server bind to?"
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        """.trimIndent()
+        val root = json.decodeFromString<JsonObject>(raw)
+        val event = GatewayEvent.parse(root)
+        assertTrue(event is GatewayEvent.ClarifyRequestEvent)
+        val clarify = event as GatewayEvent.ClarifyRequestEvent
+        assertEquals("clarify-req-555", clarify.requestId)
+        assertEquals("q-port-target", clarify.questionId)
+        assertEquals("Which HTTP port should the mock server bind to?", clarify.question)
+        assertEquals(ClarifyType.CLARIFY, clarify.promptType)
+        assertEquals("rt-session-001", clarify.sessionId)
     }
 
     @Test
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/ApprovalRoutingTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/ApprovalRoutingTest.kt
index fed33a1..28c92d4 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/ApprovalRoutingTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/ApprovalRoutingTest.kt
@@ -89,13 +89,16 @@ class ApprovalRoutingTest {
 
         // Simulate incoming approval request with specific runtime session ID
         val prodEventJson = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "approval.request")
-                put("request_id", "req_prod_1")
-                put("session_key", "runtime_session_prod_99")
-                put("command", "systemctl restart nginx")
-                put("description", "Restart web server")
+                put("type", "approval.request")
+                put("session_id", "runtime_session_prod_99")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("request_id", "req_prod_1")
+                    put("command", "systemctl restart nginx")
+                    put("description", "Restart web server")
+                })
             })
         }
         runtime1?.gatewayClient?.handleIncomingMessage(prodEventJson.toString())
@@ -135,7 +138,7 @@ class ApprovalRoutingTest {
                     path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
                         MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                             override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
-                                webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0"}}""")
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
                             }
 
                             override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
@@ -178,12 +181,15 @@ class ApprovalRoutingTest {
 
         // Incoming approval
         val prodEventJson = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "approval.request")
-                put("request_id", "req_prod_1")
+                put("type", "approval.request")
                 put("session_id", "runtime_session_prod_99")
-                put("command", "systemctl restart nginx")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("request_id", "req_prod_1")
+                    put("command", "systemctl restart nginx")
+                })
             })
         }
         runtime1.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(prodEventJson.toString())
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest.kt
index d63526d..5e68732 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest.kt
@@ -110,43 +110,55 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
         )
         testScheduler.advanceUntilIdle()
 
-        // Stream from Host A into Session 1
+        // Stream from Host A into Session 1 using upstream Hermes envelope
         val eventA1 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.start")
+                put("type", "message.start")
                 put("session_id", "rt_win_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_a_1")
-                put("role", "assistant")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_a_1")
+                    put("role", "assistant")
+                })
             })
         }
         val eventA2 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.delta")
+                put("type", "message.delta")
                 put("session_id", "rt_win_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_a_1")
-                put("delta", "Windows output chunk")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_a_1")
+                    put("delta", "Windows output chunk")
+                })
             })
         }
 
-        // Stream from Host B into Session 2 concurrently
+        // Stream from Host B into Session 2 concurrently using upstream Hermes envelope
         val eventB1 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.start")
+                put("type", "message.start")
                 put("session_id", "rt_lin_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_b_1")
-                put("role", "assistant")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_b_1")
+                    put("role", "assistant")
+                })
             })
         }
         val eventB2 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.delta")
+                put("type", "message.delta")
                 put("session_id", "rt_lin_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_b_1")
-                put("delta", "Linux output chunk")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_b_1")
+                    put("delta", "Linux output chunk")
+                })
             })
         }
 
@@ -215,12 +227,15 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
         // Host A streams message
         runtimeA!!.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(
             buildJsonObject {
+                put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
                 put("method", "event")
                 put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                    put("event", "message.start")
+                    put("type", "message.start")
                     put("session_id", "rt_win_dual")
-                    put("message_id", "msg_win")
-                    put("role", "assistant")
+                    put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                        put("message_id", "msg_win")
+                        put("role", "assistant")
+                    })
                 })
             }.toString()
         )
@@ -228,12 +243,15 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
 
         runtimeA.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(
             buildJsonObject {
+                put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
                 put("method", "event")
                 put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                    put("event", "message.delta")
+                    put("type", "message.delta")
                     put("session_id", "rt_win_dual")
-                    put("message_id", "msg_win")
-                    put("delta", "Windows result")
+                    put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                        put("message_id", "msg_win")
+                        put("delta", "Windows result")
+                    })
                 })
             }.toString()
         )
@@ -242,12 +260,15 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
         // Host B concurrently streams tool
         runtimeB!!.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(
             buildJsonObject {
+                put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
                 put("method", "event")
                 put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                    put("event", "tool.start")
+                    put("type", "tool.start")
                     put("session_id", "rt_lin_dual")
-                    put("tool_id", "tool_lin")
-                    put("name", "bash_exec")
+                    put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                        put("tool_id", "tool_lin")
+                        put("name", "bash_exec")
+                    })
                 })
             }.toString()
         )
@@ -255,12 +276,15 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
 
         runtimeB.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(
             buildJsonObject {
+                put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
                 put("method", "event")
                 put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                    put("event", "tool.complete")
+                    put("type", "tool.complete")
                     put("session_id", "rt_lin_dual")
-                    put("tool_id", "tool_lin")
-                    put("result", "Linux command completed")
+                    put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                        put("tool_id", "tool_lin")
+                        put("result", "Linux command completed")
+                    })
                 })
             }.toString()
         )
@@ -294,21 +318,27 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
 
         // Both hosts have same requestId "req_shared_1"
         val approvalEventA = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "approval.request")
+                put("type", "approval.request")
                 put("session_id", "rt_win_shared")
-                put("request_id", "req_shared_1")
-                put("command", "powershell.exe -Command Get-Process")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("request_id", "req_shared_1")
+                    put("command", "powershell.exe -Command Get-Process")
+                })
             })
         }
         val approvalEventB = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "approval.request")
+                put("type", "approval.request")
                 put("session_id", "rt_lin_shared")
-                put("request_id", "req_shared_1")
-                put("command", "ps aux")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("request_id", "req_shared_1")
+                    put("command", "ps aux")
+                })
             })
         }
 
@@ -330,6 +360,68 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
         assertEquals(RuntimeSessionId("rt_lin_shared"), appB?.runtimeSessionId)
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testTwoHermesHostsWithIdenticalRuntimeSessionIdDoNotCrossRouteEvents() = runTest(testDispatcher) {
+        val hostA = HermesHost(id = host1Id, displayName = "Windows PC", baseUrl = "http://pc:9119")
+        val hostB = HermesHost(id = host2Id, displayName = "Linux Server", baseUrl = "http://linux:9119")
+        connectionManager.addHost(hostA)
+        connectionManager.addHost(hostB)
+        testScheduler.advanceUntilIdle()
+
+        val session1 = sessionRepo.createUnifiedSession(title = "Host 1 Session", initialHostId = host1Id)
+        val session2 = sessionRepo.createUnifiedSession(title = "Host 2 Session", initialHostId = host2Id)
+        testScheduler.advanceUntilIdle()
+
+        val runtimeA = connectionManager.getRuntime(host1Id)!!
+        val runtimeB = connectionManager.getRuntime(host2Id)!!
+
+        // Both hosts independently return the EXACT SAME runtimeSessionId "s1"
+        sessionRepo.registerRuntimeBinding(session1.id, host1Id, RuntimeSessionId("s1"))
+        sessionRepo.registerRuntimeBinding(session2.id, host2Id, RuntimeSessionId("s1"))
+
+        // Host 1 sends delta for session_id "s1"
+        val eventHost1 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
+            put("method", "event")
+            put("params", buildJsonObject {
+                put("type", "message.delta")
+                put("session_id", "s1")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "m_shared")
+                    put("delta", "Chunk From Host 1")
+                })
+            })
+        }
+        // Host 2 sends delta for session_id "s1"
+        val eventHost2 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
+            put("method", "event")
+            put("params", buildJsonObject {
+                put("type", "message.delta")
+                put("session_id", "s1")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "m_shared")
+                    put("delta", "Chunk From Host 2")
+                })
+            })
+        }
+
+        runtimeA.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(eventHost1.toString())
+        runtimeB.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(eventHost2.toString())
+        testScheduler.advanceUntilIdle()
+
+        val session1Messages = sessionRepo.getSessionMessages(session1.id).value
+        val session2Messages = sessionRepo.getSessionMessages(session2.id).value
+
+        assertEquals(1, session1Messages.size)
+        assertEquals("Chunk From Host 1", session1Messages[0].content)
+        assertEquals(host1Id, session1Messages[0].hostId)
+
+        assertEquals(1, session2Messages.size)
+        assertEquals("Chunk From Host 2", session2Messages[0].content)
+        assertEquals(host2Id, session2Messages[0].hostId)
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testAppRestartRestoresBindingViaDurableId() = runBlocking(Dispatchers.Default) {
         val server = MockWebServer()
@@ -344,7 +436,7 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
                     path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
                         MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                             override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
-                                webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0"}}""")
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
                             }
 
                             override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
@@ -399,6 +491,9 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
             scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
         )
 
+        val host1 = HermesHost(id = host1Id, displayName = "Prod Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = HostStatus.ONLINE)
+        freshConnectionManager.addHost(host1)
+
         val runtime = freshConnectionManager.getRuntime(host1Id)
         assertNotNull(runtime)
         runtime!!.connect()
@@ -418,6 +513,105 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
         server.shutdown()
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testAppRestartWithStateReadyCallsSessionResume() = runBlocking(Dispatchers.Default) {
+        val server = MockWebServer()
+        var sessionResumeCalled = false
+        var resumedDurableId = ""
+
+        server.dispatcher = object : Dispatcher() {
+            override fun dispatch(request: RecordedRequest): MockResponse {
+                val path = request.path ?: ""
+                return when {
+                    path == "/api/status" -> {
+                        MockResponse().setResponseCode(200).setBody("""{"status":"ok","auth_required":false,"version":"1.0.0"}""")
+                    }
+                    path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
+                        MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
+                            override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
+                            }
+
+                            override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
+                                if (text.contains("session.resume")) {
+                                    sessionResumeCalled = true
+                                    if (text.contains("valid_durable_888")) {
+                                        resumedDurableId = "valid_durable_888"
+                                    }
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a1","result":{"stored_session_id":"valid_durable_888","session_id":"fresh_runtime_777"}}""")
+                                } else if (text.contains("prompt.submit")) {
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a2","result":{"turn_id":"turn_ready_restart"}}""")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        })
+                    }
+                    else -> MockResponse().setResponseCode(404)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        server.start()
+        val wsUrl = server.url("").toString().removeSuffix("/")
+        val testHostDao = FakeHostDao()
+        val testSessionDao = FakeUnifiedSessionDao()
+        val testTokenVault = InMemoryTokenVault()
+
+        testHostDao.insertOrUpdateHost(HostEntity(id = host1Id.value, displayName = "Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = "ONLINE"))
+
+        val sessionId = UnifiedSessionId("session_ready_restart")
+        testSessionDao.insertSession(
+            UnifiedSessionEntity(
+                id = sessionId.value,
+                title = "Ready Restart Test",
+                activeHostId = host1Id.value
+            )
+        )
+        // Binding in Room has state = READY, but stale runtimeSessionId from previous process run
+        testSessionDao.insertOrUpdateBinding(
+            HostBindingEntity(
+                sessionId = sessionId.value,
+                hostId = host1Id.value,
+                durableSessionId = "valid_durable_888",
+                runtimeSessionId = "stale_dead_runtime_999",
+                state = BindingState.READY.name
+            )
+        )
+
+        // New process simulation
+        val freshConnectionManager = HermesConnectionManager(
+            hostDao = testHostDao,
+            tokenVault = testTokenVault,
+            scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
+        )
+        val freshRepo = UnifiedSessionRepository(
+            connectionManager = freshConnectionManager,
+            sessionDao = testSessionDao,
+            scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
+        )
+
+        val host1 = HermesHost(id = host1Id, displayName = "Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = HostStatus.ONLINE)
+        freshConnectionManager.addHost(host1)
+
+        val runtime = freshConnectionManager.getRuntime(host1Id)!!
+        runtime.connect()
+        runtime.gatewayClient.awaitGatewayReady(5000)
+
+        // Calling sendPrompt must trigger session.resume since in-memory attachment does not exist in new process
+        val turnId = freshRepo.sendPrompt(sessionId, "Hello after clean restart")
+        assertEquals("turn_ready_restart", turnId)
+
+        assertTrue("session.resume MUST be called even if persisted state was READY", sessionResumeCalled)
+        assertEquals("valid_durable_888", resumedDurableId)
+
+        val updatedBinding = testSessionDao.getBindingsForSession(sessionId.value).find { it.hostId == host1Id.value }
+        assertNotNull(updatedBinding)
+        assertEquals("valid_durable_888", updatedBinding?.durableSessionId)
+        assertEquals("fresh_runtime_777", updatedBinding?.runtimeSessionId)
+
+        runtime.disconnect()
+        server.shutdown()
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testHostReconnectMintsNewRuntimeId() = runBlocking(Dispatchers.Default) {
         val server = MockWebServer()
@@ -433,7 +627,7 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
                     path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
                         MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                             override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
-                                webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0"}}""")
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
                             }
 
                             override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
@@ -510,13 +704,15 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
                     path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
                         MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
                             override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
-                                webSocket.send("""{"event":"gateway.ready","data":{"version":"1.0.0"}}""")
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
                             }
 
                             override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
-                                if (text.contains("prompt.submit")) {
+                                if (text.contains("session.resume")) {
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a1","result":{"stored_session_id":"dur_fail_test","session_id":"rt_fail_test"}}""")
+                                } else if (text.contains("prompt.submit")) {
                                     // Fail prompt submission with an RPC error
-                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a1","error":{"code":-32000,"message":"Model overloaded"}}""")
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a2","error":{"code":-32000,"message":"Model overloaded"}}""")
                                 }
                             }
                         })
@@ -545,6 +741,9 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
             scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
         )
 
+        val host1 = HermesHost(id = host1Id, displayName = "Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = HostStatus.ONLINE)
+        testConnectionManager.addHost(host1)
+
         val session = testRepo.createUnifiedSession(title = "Cursor Test", initialHostId = host1Id)
 
         // Pre-populate binding with syncedThroughMessageId = "msg_baseline"
@@ -582,6 +781,195 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
         server.shutdown()
     }
 
+    @Test
+    fun testTransientResumeErrorDoesNotDestroyBindingOrCallCreate() = runBlocking(Dispatchers.Default) {
+        val server = MockWebServer()
+        var createCalled = false
+
+        server.dispatcher = object : Dispatcher() {
+            override fun dispatch(request: RecordedRequest): MockResponse {
+                val path = request.path ?: ""
+                return when {
+                    path == "/api/status" -> {
+                        MockResponse().setResponseCode(200).setBody("""{"status":"ok","auth_required":false,"version":"1.0.0"}""")
+                    }
+                    path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
+                        MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
+                            override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
+                            }
+
+                            override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
+                                if (text.contains("session.resume")) {
+                                    // Transient failure: 500 / -32000 Server overloaded
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a1","error":{"code":-32000,"message":"Transient server error"}}""")
+                                } else if (text.contains("session.create")) {
+                                    createCalled = true
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a2","result":{"stored_session_id":"dur_forbidden","session_id":"rt_forbidden"}}""")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        })
+                    }
+                    else -> MockResponse().setResponseCode(404)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        server.start()
+        val wsUrl = server.url("").toString().removeSuffix("/")
+        val testHostDao = FakeHostDao()
+        val testSessionDao = FakeUnifiedSessionDao()
+        val testTokenVault = InMemoryTokenVault()
+
+        testHostDao.insertOrUpdateHost(HostEntity(id = host1Id.value, displayName = "Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = "ONLINE"))
+
+        val sessionId = UnifiedSessionId("session_transient_test")
+        testSessionDao.insertSession(
+            UnifiedSessionEntity(
+                id = sessionId.value,
+                title = "Transient Resume Test",
+                activeHostId = host1Id.value
+            )
+        )
+        testSessionDao.insertOrUpdateBinding(
+            HostBindingEntity(
+                sessionId = sessionId.value,
+                hostId = host1Id.value,
+                durableSessionId = "dur_preserved_123",
+                runtimeSessionId = "rt_stale",
+                state = BindingState.READY.name
+            )
+        )
+
+        val testConnectionManager = HermesConnectionManager(
+            hostDao = testHostDao,
+            tokenVault = testTokenVault,
+            scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
+        )
+        val testRepo = UnifiedSessionRepository(
+            connectionManager = testConnectionManager,
+            sessionDao = testSessionDao,
+            scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
+        )
+
+        val host1 = HermesHost(id = host1Id, displayName = "Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = HostStatus.ONLINE)
+        testConnectionManager.addHost(host1)
+
+        val runtime = testConnectionManager.getRuntime(host1Id)!!
+        runtime.connect()
+        runtime.gatewayClient.awaitGatewayReady(5000)
+
+        var threw = false
+        try {
+            testRepo.ensureAttachedRuntimeSession(sessionId, host1Id, runtime)
+        } catch (_: Exception) {
+            threw = true
+        }
+
+        assertTrue("Expected transient resume error to throw", threw)
+        assertFalse("session.create MUST NOT be called on transient resume error", createCalled)
+
+        // Verify binding was not destroyed
+        val binding = testSessionDao.getBindingsForSession(sessionId.value).find { it.hostId == host1Id.value }
+        assertEquals("dur_preserved_123", binding?.durableSessionId)
+
+        runtime.disconnect()
+        server.shutdown()
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    fun testUnrecoverableResumeErrorRecreatesSession() = runBlocking(Dispatchers.Default) {
+        val server = MockWebServer()
+        var createCalled = false
+
+        server.dispatcher = object : Dispatcher() {
+            override fun dispatch(request: RecordedRequest): MockResponse {
+                val path = request.path ?: ""
+                return when {
+                    path == "/api/status" -> {
+                        MockResponse().setResponseCode(200).setBody("""{"status":"ok","auth_required":false,"version":"1.0.0"}""")
+                    }
+                    path.startsWith("/api/ws") || path.startsWith("/ws") -> {
+                        MockResponse().withWebSocketUpgrade(object : WebSocketListener() {
+                            override fun onOpen(webSocket: WebSocket, response: Response) {
+                                webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"event","params":{"type":"gateway.ready","payload":{"version":"1.0.0"}}}""")
+                            }
+
+                            override fun onMessage(webSocket: WebSocket, text: String) {
+                                if (text.contains("session.resume")) {
+                                    // Definitively unrecoverable: 404 Session not found
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a1","error":{"code":404,"message":"Session not found"}}""")
+                                } else if (text.contains("session.create")) {
+                                    createCalled = true
+                                    webSocket.send("""{"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":"a2","result":{"stored_session_id":"dur_new_fresh_999","session_id":"rt_new_fresh_999"}}""")
+                                }
+                            }
+                        })
+                    }
+                    else -> MockResponse().setResponseCode(404)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        server.start()
+        val wsUrl = server.url("").toString().removeSuffix("/")
+        val testHostDao = FakeHostDao()
+        val testSessionDao = FakeUnifiedSessionDao()
+        val testTokenVault = InMemoryTokenVault()
+
+        testHostDao.insertOrUpdateHost(HostEntity(id = host1Id.value, displayName = "Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = "ONLINE"))
+
+        val sessionId = UnifiedSessionId("session_unrecoverable_test")
+        testSessionDao.insertSession(
+            UnifiedSessionEntity(
+                id = sessionId.value,
+                title = "Unrecoverable Resume Test",
+                activeHostId = host1Id.value
+            )
+        )
+        testSessionDao.insertOrUpdateBinding(
+            HostBindingEntity(
+                sessionId = sessionId.value,
+                hostId = host1Id.value,
+                durableSessionId = "dur_dead_deleted",
+                runtimeSessionId = "rt_dead",
+                state = BindingState.READY.name
+            )
+        )
+
+        val testConnectionManager = HermesConnectionManager(
+            hostDao = testHostDao,
+            tokenVault = testTokenVault,
+            scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
+        )
+        val testRepo = UnifiedSessionRepository(
+            connectionManager = testConnectionManager,
+            sessionDao = testSessionDao,
+            scope = CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Default)
+        )
+
+        val host1 = HermesHost(id = host1Id, displayName = "Server", baseUrl = wsUrl, allowCleartext = true, lastKnownStatus = HostStatus.ONLINE)
+        testConnectionManager.addHost(host1)
+
+        val runtime = testConnectionManager.getRuntime(host1Id)!!
+        runtime.connect()
+        runtime.gatewayClient.awaitGatewayReady(5000)
+
+        val attachedBinding = testRepo.ensureAttachedRuntimeSession(sessionId, host1Id, runtime)
+
+        assertTrue("session.create MUST be called on unrecoverable 404 resume error", createCalled)
+        assertEquals(DurableSessionId("dur_new_fresh_999"), attachedBinding.durableSessionId)
+        assertEquals(RuntimeSessionId("rt_new_fresh_999"), attachedBinding.runtimeSessionId)
+
+        // Verify Room DB binding was updated
+        val binding = testSessionDao.getBindingsForSession(sessionId.value).find { it.hostId == host1Id.value }
+        assertEquals("dur_new_fresh_999", binding?.durableSessionId)
+        assertEquals("rt_new_fresh_999", binding?.runtimeSessionId)
+
+        runtime.disconnect()
+        server.shutdown()
+    }
+
     @Test
     fun testStopHostADoesNotStopHostB() = runTest(testDispatcher) {
         val hostA = HermesHost(id = host1Id, displayName = "Windows PC", baseUrl = "http://pc:9119")
@@ -619,24 +1007,30 @@ class MultiHostConcurrencyExecutionTest {
         )
         testScheduler.advanceUntilIdle()
 
-        // Start execution on both hosts
+        // Start execution on both hosts using upstream Hermes envelope
         runtimeA!!.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(
             buildJsonObject {
+                put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
                 put("method", "event")
                 put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                    put("event", "message.start")
+                    put("type", "message.start")
                     put("session_id", "rt_a")
-                    put("message_id", "msg_a")
+                    put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                        put("message_id", "msg_a")
+                    })
                 })
             }.toString()
         )
         runtimeB!!.gatewayClient.handleIncomingMessage(
             buildJsonObject {
+                put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
                 put("method", "event")
                 put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                    put("event", "message.start")
+                    put("type", "message.start")
                     put("session_id", "rt_b")
-                    put("message_id", "msg_b")
+                    put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                        put("message_id", "msg_b")
+                    })
                 })
             }.toString()
         )
diff --git a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest.kt b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest.kt
index 996690c..ea4b7ff 100644
--- a/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest.kt
+++ b/app/src/test/java/app/hermes/mobile/core/repository/UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest.kt
@@ -114,12 +114,15 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest {
 
         // Stream start event
         val msgStart = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.start")
+                put("type", "message.start")
                 put("session_id", "rt_stream_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
-                put("role", "assistant")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
+                    put("role", "assistant")
+                })
             })
         }
         runtimeA?.gatewayClient?.handleIncomingMessage(msgStart.toString())
@@ -127,12 +130,15 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest {
 
         // Stream delta 1
         val msgDelta1 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.delta")
+                put("type", "message.delta")
                 put("session_id", "rt_stream_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
-                put("delta", "Hello ")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
+                    put("delta", "Hello ")
+                })
             })
         }
         runtimeA?.gatewayClient?.handleIncomingMessage(msgDelta1.toString())
@@ -140,12 +146,15 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest {
 
         // Stream delta 2
         val msgDelta2 = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.delta")
+                put("type", "message.delta")
                 put("session_id", "rt_stream_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
-                put("delta", "from Multi-Hermes!")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
+                    put("delta", "from Multi-Hermes!")
+                })
             })
         }
         runtimeA?.gatewayClient?.handleIncomingMessage(msgDelta2.toString())
@@ -153,12 +162,15 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest {
 
         // Stream complete
         val msgComplete = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "message.complete")
+                put("type", "message.complete")
                 put("session_id", "rt_stream_1")
-                put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
-                put("content", "Hello from Multi-Hermes!")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("message_id", "msg_stream_1")
+                    put("content", "Hello from Multi-Hermes!")
+                })
             })
         }
         runtimeA?.gatewayClient?.handleIncomingMessage(msgComplete.toString())
@@ -201,12 +213,15 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest {
 
         // Host A starts long tool operation
         val toolStart = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "tool.start")
+                put("type", "tool.start")
                 put("session_id", "rt_bg_1")
-                put("tool_id", "tool_bg_1")
-                put("name", "heavy_build_task")
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("tool_id", "tool_bg_1")
+                    put("name", "heavy_build_task")
+                })
             })
         }
         runtimeA?.gatewayClient?.handleIncomingMessage(toolStart.toString())
@@ -218,13 +233,16 @@ class UnifiedSessionRepositoryTest {
 
         // Host A finishes tool in background
         val toolComplete = buildJsonObject {
+            put("jsonrpc", "2.0")
             put("method", "event")
             put("params", buildJsonObject {
-                put("event", "tool.complete")
+                put("type", "tool.complete")
                 put("session_id", "rt_bg_1")
-                put("tool_id", "tool_bg_1")
-                put("result", "Build successful in 42s")
-                put("is_error", false)
+                put("payload", buildJsonObject {
+                    put("tool_id", "tool_bg_1")
+                    put("result", "Build successful in 42s")
+                    put("is_error", false)
+                })
             })
         }
         runtimeA?.gatewayClient?.handleIncomingMessage(toolComplete.toString())